MUNDO
VAISHNAVA
Mahabharata - Sastra Reading
Creado por juancas del 30 de Mayo del 2012
Sastra Reading
Mahabharata
The powerful Bhismadeva, son of the goddess Ganga. There was no greater hero on earth….
As the eldest son of the righteous King of the world, he was the natural heir to Hastinapura’s throne…
But when his father’s future wife, Satyavati, was sitting by the river’s edge, waiting for ferry travelers across; the emperor of the world, the mighty Santanu, had been hunting in the nearby forests and was seduced by the alluring fragrance that emanated from her body, a boon given by the great sage Parasura, Srila Vyasadeva’s father.
When Santanu when to ask for her hand in marriage her father had stipulated that he could only marry her if he promised the throne to her son. But the emperor already had a qualified son in Devavrata, who he had already consecrated as the prince regent. The pious king was not prepared, simply for his own pleasure, to wrong his worthy and beloved son.
Then one day, unknown to Santanu, Devavrata appeared at their hut to solicit her hand on the emperor’s behalf. Her father repeated his condition and Devavrata agreed. He would never ascend Hastinapura’s throne; the crown could go to Satyavati’s children. Still her father hesitated. He had heard enough about court intrigues to know that if Devavrata relinquished the throne still his children might feel cheated and oppose Satyavati’s son. The fisher-king voiced his doubts.
Hearing them, Devavrata uttered a terrible vow. He would never accept a wife but would maintain life-long celibacy. In order to secure his father’s happiness, he said, he was ready to renounce all personal enjoyment.
When Devavrata made that vow, flowers had rained from the sky and a thunderous voice had sounded from the heavens: “From this day his name shall be Bhisma, one of a great vow.”
Satyavati felt deeply for the kingdom and for Shantanu’s line. Her son Chitrangada and heir to the throne had died to young without producing a son and Bhisma had made a vow of keeping long life celibacy saying: “The sun may renounce its splendor, water its wetness and the sky its sound, but I will never renounce truth.”
But it was certainly providential that Parasara had given her Vyasadeva as her son. Vyasadeva had grown to maturity immediately upon his birth and had left her, saying, “dear Mother, should you ever be in difficulty simply think of me. I shall come to you at once from wherever I may be.”
So Satyavati called Vyasadeva to produce a heir to the throne, saving this way the Kuru dynasty…
But it was certainly providential that Parasara had given her Vyasadeva as her son. Vyasadeva had grown to maturity immediately upon his birth and had left her, saying, “dear Mother, should you ever be in difficulty simply think of me. I shall come to you at once from wherever I may be.”
So Satyavati called Vyasadeva to produce a heir to the throne, saving this way the Kuru dynasty…
Ambika, the late Chitrangada’s wife door opened and Vyasadeva emerged. Bhisma bowed at his feet and Satyavati quickly asked, “Will the princes bear an accomplished son?”
Raising his hand in blessing as Bhishma stood up, the sage replied, “The queen will bear a son who will be as strong as ten thousand elephants. He will be vastly intelligent, wise, and prosperous. He will have a hundred sons. But, pious lady, for the fault of his mother he will be born blind.”
Sayavati was shocked. “How can one who is blind become a king of the Kuru race” she asked.
Vyasadeva explained that he had gone to Ambika prepared to beget a son worthy in every way, but the queen had close her eyes in fear when she saw him…
Satyavati said to Vyasadeva, “You must give another child to the Kuru race,” she implored. “Please approach the other queen, Ambalika.” Vyasadeva looked upon his worried mother with compassion. And He soothed her fears…
Satyavati led him to Ambalika’s bedchamber and the sage at once entered. Even though she had been warned by her sister what to expect, the princess was still struck with horror when the grim ascetic approached her. She turned pale with fright, although she made sure to keep her eyes open as she conceived. Vyasadeva then said to her, “As you have turned pale upon seeing me, so your son shall also be pale. He will therefore be named Pandu, the ‘pale one.’”…
But with only one qualified prince the kingdom would still be in a precarious position. So, Satyavati asked the sage to please try once more. She asked him to again approach Ambika. This time the princess, knowing what to expect, would keep her eyes open.
But the princess was so alarmed at the prospect of meeting again with the terrible-looking rishi that even the simple thought was unbearable. She went to a maidservant who was an intimate friend and asked that she take her place. Then the rishi entered the chamber as before. As soon as she saw the exalted sage the maidservant rose up respectfully. She bowed at his feet and had him sit down comfortably. After washing his feet, the girl offered him varieties of delicious food. Vyasadeva was pleased. After laying with the girl, he said, “Dear child, you shall be a maidservant no longer. Your son from our union will be wise, fortunate, and the foremost of all intelligent men upon this earth.”
In due course the maidservant gave birth to a child named Vidura, who later became the chief minister and advisor of the Kuru house. He was raised alongside his two brothers, Pandu and Dhritarastra and the three boys grew up like resplendent gods…
Gandhari had received a boon from Shiva, who had said she would have one hundred sons. Surely, she would make a good wife for Dhritarastra, who had also been blessed in a similar way by Vyasadeva.
Suvala, Gandhari's father, had his son Shakuni bring Gandhari to Hastinapura, but when the princess heard that she was to marry the blind Dhritarastra, she took a cloth and bound her own eyes, not wanting to be in any way superior to her lord.
Gaadhari became immediately devoted to her husband. She pleased him in every way by her attentions, she never even referred to other men in her speech, and a silk cloth always covered her eyes...
Gandhari had received a boon from Shiva, who had said she would have one hundred sons. Surely, she would make a good wife for Dhritarastra, who had also been blessed in a similar way by Vyasadeva.
Suvala, Gandhari's father, had his son Shakuni bring Gandhari to Hastinapura, but when the princess heard that she was to marry the blind Dhritarastra, she took a cloth and bound her own eyes, not wanting to be in any way superior to her lord.
Gaadhari became immediately devoted to her husband. She pleased him in every way by her attentions, she never even referred to other men in her speech, and a silk cloth always covered her eyes.
Suvala, Gandhari's father, had his son Shakuni bring Gandhari to Hastinapura, but when the princess heard that she was to marry the blind Dhritarastra, she took a cloth and bound her own eyes, not wanting to be in any way superior to her lord.
Gaadhari became immediately devoted to her husband. She pleased him in every way by her attentions, she never even referred to other men in her speech, and a silk cloth always covered her eyes.
One day Pandu went out hunting. He saw a couple of large deer mating. They bolted when they saw the king, but he quickly fired five swift arrows after them. As the golden-feathered shafts pierced the male deer, it fell down crying. To the king’s surprise the dying deer began to speak in a pained voice.
“Oh, how shameful! Even degraded men who are slaves to their senses never act so cruelly. No man’s judgment can ever prevail against scriptural ordinance. How, then, have you, the king and a descendent of the noble Bharata race, acted in this way, so in conflict with Vedic direction?”
Pandu stood before the deer, which was weeping bitterly, and replied, “As a king it is my duty to hunt. I must control the forest, making it safe to the rishis, At the same time,. I am able to practice the kingly art of weaponry. Why, then great sages in the past have killed deer in the forest and offering them in sacrifice. O deer, why, them, do you reprove me?”
The deer replied that it did not condemn Pandu for injuring me, but for not taking into consideration that he was mating. The animal then told Pandu that it was a rishi named Kindama. He had assumed the form of a deer to mate with his wife in the woods. The rishi had no dwelling, and could not unite publicly with his wife in a human form. He had therefore transformed himself and his wife into deer. The king had killed him just as he was about to beget a child in his wife’s womb.
Pandu gazed at Kindama in shocked silence. The sage had spoken correctly. It had certainly been sinful to shoot at the deer as it mated. How had he allowed himself to be so overcome with passion? And what would come from having killed a rishi? This was a calamity. The king gazed downward, sunk in shame and regret.
“Oh, how shameful! Even degraded men who are slaves to their senses never act so cruelly. No man’s judgment can ever prevail against scriptural ordinance. How, then, have you, the king and a descendent of the noble Bharata race, acted in this way, so in conflict with Vedic direction?”
Pandu stood before the deer, which was weeping bitterly, and replied, “As a king it is my duty to hunt. I must control the forest, making it safe to the rishis, At the same time,. I am able to practice the kingly art of weaponry. Why, then great sages in the past have killed deer in the forest and offering them in sacrifice. O deer, why, them, do you reprove me?”
The deer replied that it did not condemn Pandu for injuring me, but for not taking into consideration that he was mating. The animal then told Pandu that it was a rishi named Kindama. He had assumed the form of a deer to mate with his wife in the woods. The rishi had no dwelling, and could not unite publicly with his wife in a human form. He had therefore transformed himself and his wife into deer. The king had killed him just as he was about to beget a child in his wife’s womb.
Pandu gazed at Kindama in shocked silence. The sage had spoken correctly. It had certainly been sinful to shoot at the deer as it mated. How had he allowed himself to be so overcome with passion? And what would come from having killed a rishi? This was a calamity. The king gazed downward, sunk in shame and regret.
Seeing Pandu’s crestfallen condition, Kindama said, “You need not fear the sin of killing a Brahmin, as you did not know my true identity. But as you killed me when I was indulging in pleasure, so too shall you meet your death at such a time.”
(The rishi wanted to free Pandu from his sin. By cursing the king, Kindama knew that Pandu would immediately receive the reaction for his misdeed and thus not have to suffer after death.)
Struggling to speak as his lifeblood ebbed away, Kindama uttered his fearful imprecation:
“When next you approach your wife out of desire, you will immediately fall dead. O King, as I was plunged into grief when I was happy, you shall also meet with grief at such a time.”
Pandu was very much worried about not been able to have any progeny and he discussed this with his two wives Kunti and Madri…
Then Kunti said to her husband: ‘I shall tell you of a boon I received while in my maidenhood, which may yet prove to be our deliverance. When I was a girl in my father’s house, he would engage me in serving guests. One day the powerful mystic Durvasa arrived. By my service and constant attention to all his needs I really pleased that rsi. As he was leaving he called me aside and say, ‘Gentle maiden I shall confer upon you a boon. Listen as I recite a mantra. This mantra, uttered by you, will summon any of the celestials you desire. Whether agreeable or not they will then be obliged to do your bidding.’
Kunti asked her husband which of the deities she should call. Pandu thought for some moments and then said to his wife, ‘O beautiful lady, you should call the great Dharma, god of justice. He will never pollute us with sin, and his son will undoubtedly be qualified in every way.’
Kunti assented to Pandu’s request. She sat in meditation and thought of Dharma, reciting the mantra Durvasa had given her. Within moments the deity appeared, riding on a resplendent chariot. Shining like the sun, he smiled and said to Kunti, ‘What should I do for you?’
Awed by the god’s splendor, Kunti replied in a trembling voice, ‘I desire a child by your illustrious self.’
Then Kunti said to her husband: ‘I shall tell you of a boon I received while in my maidenhood, which may yet prove to be our deliverance. When I was a girl in my father’s house, he would engage me in serving guests. One day the powerful mystic Durvasa arrived. By my service and constant attention to all his needs I really pleased that rsi. As he was leaving he called me aside and say, ‘Gentle maiden I shall confer upon you a boon. Listen as I recite a mantra. This mantra, uttered by you, will summon any of the celestials you desire. Whether agreeable or not they will then be obliged to do your bidding.’
Kunti asked her husband which of the deities she should call. Pandu thought for some moments and then said to his wife, ‘O beautiful lady, you should call the great Dharma, god of justice. He will never pollute us with sin, and his son will undoubtedly be qualified in every way.’
Kunti assented to Pandu’s request. She sat in meditation and thought of Dharma, reciting the mantra Durvasa had given her. Within moments the deity appeared, riding on a resplendent chariot. Shining like the sun, he smiled and said to Kunti, ‘What should I do for you?’
Awed by the god’s splendor, Kunti replied in a trembling voice, ‘I desire a child by your illustrious self.’
Dharma at once united with her in his spiritual form and then disappeared. Kunti conceived and in due course gave birth. As soon as he was born a celestial voice was heard in the sky: ‘This child will be the best and most virtuous of men. He will be devoted to truth, highly powerful, and famous throughout the three worlds. Known as Yudhisthira, this boy will rule the earth.’
After a year had passed Pandu approached Kunti again and said, ‘The wise have declared that a ruler should possess strength as well as righteousness. Therefore, please invoke the wind-god, Vayu, the strongest of the gods. By him we shall get a son who will be the most powerful man upon this earth.
Kumti folded her palms and bowed in assent. She again sat in meditation, this time calling for Vayu. In moments the god appeared, riding a huge deer. In a voice that sounded like thunderclouds, the effulgent god said with a smile, ‘O Kunti, what do you desire from me?’
Kunti was bashful as she replied, ‘O best of the celestials, please give me a son who will possess immense bodily strength and who will be capable of humbling the pride of all.’
The god agreed and by his yogic power he approached Kunti and conceived a child within her womb. When Vayu’s child took birth a voice was again heard from the sky, saying, ‘This child will be the best of all those endowed with strength and power.’
Pandu and Kunti were even more joyful to see their second son, whom they named Bhima.
…Some months after Bhima’s birth, Kunti was sitting near the edge of a mountain cliff with Bhima asleep on her lap. Suddenly a tiger roared nearby. She jumped up in fear and the baby rolled from her lap over the cliff edge. Struck with horror, Pandu quickly descended the cliff. When he reached the bottom he saw the child lying unharmed amid a pile of rocky fragments. The baby had landed upon a large rock and had smashed it to pieces. In amazement Pandu gently lifted his child and took him back to Kunti...
Pandu and Kunti made the vow of standing on one leg from sunrise to sunset, taking neither food nor water. They kept their aim to please Indra. At the end of the year Indra spoke to Pandu in his meditation. “I have become please with you, O King, I shall give you a son who will protect religion and chastise the wicked. He will delight his friends and relatives and slay his foes. Indeed, this boy will be the best of men.”
Then following Pandu’s request, Kunti again chanted her mantra. Indra appeared immediately, his bodily luster lighting up the whole region. By the power of the thousand-eyed Indra, Kunti conceived, and in time a dark-complexioned child was born. For the third time the heavenly voice was heard, resounding over the mountainside: “O kunti, this child will be equal in strength to Indra and indeed Shiva himself.
He shall be called Arjuna and will spread your fame everywhere. He will subjugate many powerful kings and greatly increase the prosperity of your dynasty. Agni, Shiva, and Indra will all be gratified by this boy’s service, He shall have no equal in prowess and he will be famous throughout the three worlds.”
Then when Madri approached Pandu to request that Kunti would teach her the mantra. Kunti assented to her husband’s request and told Madri, “I shall recite the mantra for your benefit. Please think of some deity from whom you desire offspring.” Madri thought carefully, Most probably Kunti would only allow her to use the mantra once. If she summoned the inseparable twin Ashvini gods, she would get two sons at once.
And as she thought of the two gods they appeared before her, aglow with celestial splendor, bashfully, she asked that they unite with her to conceive children and they immediately agreed. They begot upon Madri two boys of incomparable beauty who were named Nakula and Sahadeva. Upon their birth the divine voice said, “These virtuous and accomplished sons will transcend in energy and beauty even their celestial fathers.”
With five godly sons Pandu felt that the future success of his dynasty was assured. The rsis performed all the rites of passage for the boys and they grew up swiftly. After just one year they appeared as if they were five years old. Pandu was overwhelmed with happiness at seeing his sons’ extraordinary strength, beauty, energy, and wisdom. All the boys became favorites of the rsis, and they sported like five Gandharvas descended to earth.
Then following Pandu’s request, Kunti again chanted her mantra. Indra appeared immediately, his bodily luster lighting up the whole region. By the power of the thousand-eyed Indra, Kunti conceived, and in time a dark-complexioned child was born. For the third time the heavenly voice was heard, resounding over the mountainside: “O kunti, this child will be equal in strength to Indra and indeed Shiva himself.
He shall be called Arjuna and will spread your fame everywhere. He will subjugate many powerful kings and greatly increase the prosperity of your dynasty. Agni, Shiva, and Indra will all be gratified by this boy’s service, He shall have no equal in prowess and he will be famous throughout the three worlds.”
Then when Madri approached Pandu to request that Kunti would teach her the mantra. Kunti assented to her husband’s request and told Madri, “I shall recite the mantra for your benefit. Please think of some deity from whom you desire offspring.” Madri thought carefully, Most probably Kunti would only allow her to use the mantra once. If she summoned the inseparable twin Ashvini gods, she would get two sons at once.
And as she thought of the two gods they appeared before her, aglow with celestial splendor, bashfully, she asked that they unite with her to conceive children and they immediately agreed. They begot upon Madri two boys of incomparable beauty who were named Nakula and Sahadeva. Upon their birth the divine voice said, “These virtuous and accomplished sons will transcend in energy and beauty even their celestial fathers.”
With five godly sons Pandu felt that the future success of his dynasty was assured. The rsis performed all the rites of passage for the boys and they grew up swiftly. After just one year they appeared as if they were five years old. Pandu was overwhelmed with happiness at seeing his sons’ extraordinary strength, beauty, energy, and wisdom. All the boys became favorites of the rsis, and they sported like five Gandharvas descended to earth.
Pandu’s sons all became fearless bowmen who were capable, even in their early youth, of facing furious mountain lions. The rsis schooled them in every facet of Vedic knowledge. They were astonished to see the boys growing so rapidly, like lotuses blooming in a lake. Pandu and his wives offered prayers of thanks to Lord Vishnu for their great fortune, and they went on living in the Himalayan region, raising their children with affection.
Once Vyasadeva arrived hungry and thirsty at Dhritarastra’s palace and Gandhari, his devoted wife attended to him conscientiously. Vyasadeva was so pleased with the girl that he blessed her saying, “You shall soon have one hundred sons as powerful as your husband.”
In due course of time Gandhari conceived. For two years she bore the embryo within her womb, becoming increasingly anxious. Then one day news reached her that Kunti had given birth in the forest to a boy as effulgent as the morning sun. Out of frustration and anger at her own excessively long gestation, she violently struck her womb. She then brought forth a hard mass of flesh that resembled an iron ball. As her nurses informed her of the stillbirth, she was afflicted by grief and thought of Vyasadeva and his boon. At once the sage appeared before her and said, “What have you done?” Gandhari told him everything with tears in her eyes…
Vyasadeva replied that his words could never prove false. He asked the servants to bring one hundred one pots filled with ghee. He sprinkled cool water on the lump of flesh and it gradually divided into one hundred one parts, each the size of a thumb. These were placed in the pots which were sealed and placed in a concealed spot. Vyasadeva instructed that the pots should be opened only after two more years had passed. He then departed for his lonely mountain ashram.
Exactly after the two years had elapsed, the pots were opened one by one. From the first came a child who was named Duryodhana. At the moment he was brought out of the pot the sound of braying asses and screaming vultures was heard, jackals howled and the wind blew fiercely. Without any apparent cause, fires sprang up all around the city and raged in all directions.
The frightened King Dhritarastra summoned the Brahmins, as well as Bhisma, Vidura, and other ministers and counselors. And Vidura said to the king. “When these omens are seen at the birth of a child, it is evident that he will be the exterminator of his race. Our prosperity and future depend upon him being abandoned.”
Vidura then went onto explained further that, the scriptures clearly state that an individual can be abandoned for the sake of a family, a family can be abandoned for the sake of a village, a village for the sake of a city and the world itself can be abandoned for the sake of the soul…
One evening Pandu went into the woods with Madri to fetch roots and fruits for their evening meal. The celestial atmosphere awoke romance in Pandu’s heart. He gazed at the beautiful Madri, his mind influenced by Cupid.
Madri at once understood what was in Pandu’s heart. But How was he suddenly approaching her in this way? Although she herself had longed for his embrace, she had scrupulously, avoided any situation that might entice her husband.
Madri tried to push her husband away. Pandu smiled, incited further by her protest. Overpowered by desire, he could not even hear her as she reminded him of the curse. As if impelled by the lord of death himself, the monarch entirely abandoned reason under the influence of lust. Pandu’s chest was seized with a terrible pain and a shocked look crossed his face. His body stiffened and went slack.
As Pandu’s lifeless body fellfrom hers, Madri let out a wail of sorrow. Her worst fears had been realized…
Kunti hear Madri’s cries and ran to where she lay, then rushed to Pandu’s side. She dropped to the ground, realizing at once what had happened. Kunti cried out piteously, “My lord!” Tears welled in her eyes as she turned to Madri, “Noble lady, how have you allowed this to happen? I was always so careful to protect our lord from this very danger. He was always grace in our company as he thought of Kindama’s words. How did he become so careless?”
Gathering her senses, Madri replied, “Sister, with tears in my eyes I tried to resist him, yet he could not control himself. He seemed bent on fulfilling the rishi’s curse.”
Kunti gently stroked the head of her younger co-wife and said, “There is only one recourse for me. Please allow me to ascend to heaven with our lord. Rise up and raise our children.”
Madri shook her head. She pleaded with Kunti, “The monarch died as he approached me, his desire was not satiated. Should it not be I who goes to the region of the dead to gratify him? O venerable queen, please let me go! Although heartbroken at the thought of leaving them, I shall leave my sons in your care without any fear.”
Kunti looked compassionately upon Madri as she lay with her arms around Pandu, bathing him with her tears. The noble Kunti’s heart was torn. Although as the elder wife it was her privilege to choose to follow the king to the next world, how could she deny Madri?
Although she longed to follow her husband, Kunti could not be so cruel to her co-wife. She touched Madri gently and said, “So be it.”
Madri at once understood what was in Pandu’s heart. But How was he suddenly approaching her in this way? Although she herself had longed for his embrace, she had scrupulously, avoided any situation that might entice her husband.
Madri tried to push her husband away. Pandu smiled, incited further by her protest. Overpowered by desire, he could not even hear her as she reminded him of the curse. As if impelled by the lord of death himself, the monarch entirely abandoned reason under the influence of lust. Pandu’s chest was seized with a terrible pain and a shocked look crossed his face. His body stiffened and went slack.
As Pandu’s lifeless body fellfrom hers, Madri let out a wail of sorrow. Her worst fears had been realized…
Kunti hear Madri’s cries and ran to where she lay, then rushed to Pandu’s side. She dropped to the ground, realizing at once what had happened. Kunti cried out piteously, “My lord!” Tears welled in her eyes as she turned to Madri, “Noble lady, how have you allowed this to happen? I was always so careful to protect our lord from this very danger. He was always grace in our company as he thought of Kindama’s words. How did he become so careless?”
Gathering her senses, Madri replied, “Sister, with tears in my eyes I tried to resist him, yet he could not control himself. He seemed bent on fulfilling the rishi’s curse.”
Kunti gently stroked the head of her younger co-wife and said, “There is only one recourse for me. Please allow me to ascend to heaven with our lord. Rise up and raise our children.”
Madri shook her head. She pleaded with Kunti, “The monarch died as he approached me, his desire was not satiated. Should it not be I who goes to the region of the dead to gratify him? O venerable queen, please let me go! Although heartbroken at the thought of leaving them, I shall leave my sons in your care without any fear.”
Kunti looked compassionately upon Madri as she lay with her arms around Pandu, bathing him with her tears. The noble Kunti’s heart was torn. Although as the elder wife it was her privilege to choose to follow the king to the next world, how could she deny Madri?
Although she longed to follow her husband, Kunti could not be so cruel to her co-wife. She touched Madri gently and said, “So be it.”
Kunti prayed for strength. Somehow this was God’s arrangement. The ways of Providence were always mysterious…
Pandu was very much worried about not been able to have any progeny and he discussed this with his two wives Kunti and Madri…
Then Kunti said to her husband: ‘I shall tell you of a boon I received while in my maidenhood, which may yet prove to be our deliverance. When I was a girl in my father’s house, he would engage me in serving guests. One day the powerful mystic Durvasa arrived. By my service and constant attention to all his needs I really pleased that rsi. As he was leaving he called me aside and say, ‘Gentle maiden I shall confer upon you a boon. Listen as I recite a mantra. This mantra, uttered by you, will summon any of the celestials you desire. Whether agreeable or not they will then be obliged to do your bidding.’
Kunti asked her husband which of the deities she should call. Pandu thought for some moments and then said to his wife, ‘O beautiful lady, you should call the great Dharma, god of justice. He will never pollute us with sin, and his son will undoubtedly be qualified in every way.’
Kunti assented to Pandu’s request. She sat in meditation and thought of Dharma, reciting the mantra Durvasa had given her. Within moments the deity appeared, riding on a resplendent chariot. Shining like the sun, he smiled and said to Kunti, ‘What should I do for you?’
Awed by the god’s splendor, Kunti replied in a trembling voice, ‘I desire a child by your illustrious self.’
Then Kunti said to her husband: ‘I shall tell you of a boon I received while in my maidenhood, which may yet prove to be our deliverance. When I was a girl in my father’s house, he would engage me in serving guests. One day the powerful mystic Durvasa arrived. By my service and constant attention to all his needs I really pleased that rsi. As he was leaving he called me aside and say, ‘Gentle maiden I shall confer upon you a boon. Listen as I recite a mantra. This mantra, uttered by you, will summon any of the celestials you desire. Whether agreeable or not they will then be obliged to do your bidding.’
Kunti asked her husband which of the deities she should call. Pandu thought for some moments and then said to his wife, ‘O beautiful lady, you should call the great Dharma, god of justice. He will never pollute us with sin, and his son will undoubtedly be qualified in every way.’
Kunti assented to Pandu’s request. She sat in meditation and thought of Dharma, reciting the mantra Durvasa had given her. Within moments the deity appeared, riding on a resplendent chariot. Shining like the sun, he smiled and said to Kunti, ‘What should I do for you?’
Awed by the god’s splendor, Kunti replied in a trembling voice, ‘I desire a child by your illustrious self.’
Dharma at once united with her in his spiritual form and then disappeared. Kunti conceived and in due course gave birth. As soon as he was born a celestial voice was heard in the sky: ‘This child will be the best and most virtuous of men. He will be devoted to truth, highly powerful, and famous throughout the three worlds. Known as Yudhisthira, this boy will rule the earth.’
After a year had passed Pandu approached Kunti again and said, ‘The wise have declared that a ruler should possess strength as well as righteousness. Therefore, please invoke the wind-god, Vayu, the strongest of the gods. By him we shall get a son who will be the most powerful man upon this earth.
Kumti folded her palms and bowed in assent. She again sat in meditation, this time calling for Vayu. In moments the god appeared, riding a huge deer. In a voice that sounded like thunderclouds, the effulgent god said with a smile, ‘O Kunti, what do you desire from me?’
Kunti was bashful as she replied, ‘O best of the celestials, please give me a son who will possess immense bodily strength and who will be capable of humbling the pride of all.’
The god agreed and by his yogic power he approached Kunti and conceived a child within her womb. When Vayu’s child took birth a voice was again heard from the sky, saying, ‘This child will be the best of all those endowed with strength and power.’
Pandu and Kunti were even more joyful to see their second son, whom they named Bhima.
…Some months after Bhima’s birth, Kunti was sitting near the edge of a mountain cliff with Bhima asleep on her lap. Suddenly a tiger roared nearby. She jumped up in fear and the baby rolled from her lap over the cliff edge. Struck with horror, Pandu quickly descended the cliff. When he reached the bottom he saw the child lying unharmed amid a pile of rocky fragments. The baby had landed upon a large rock and had smashed it to pieces. In amazement Pandu gently lifted his child and took him back to Kunti...
Pandu and Kunti made the vow of standing on one leg from sunrise to sunset, taking neither food nor water. They kept their aim to please Indra. At the end of the year Indra spoke to Pandu in his meditation. “I have become please with you, O King, I shall give you a son who will protect religion and chastise the wicked. He will delight his friends and relatives and slay his foes. Indeed, this boy will be the best of men.”
Then following Pandu’s request, Kunti again chanted her mantra. Indra appeared immediately, his bodily luster lighting up the whole region. By the power of the thousand-eyed Indra, Kunti conceived, and in time a dark-complexioned child was born. For the third time the heavenly voice was heard, resounding over the mountainside: “O kunti, this child will be equal in strength to Indra and indeed Shiva himself.
He shall be called Arjuna and will spread your fame everywhere. He will subjugate many powerful kings and greatly increase the prosperity of your dynasty. Agni, Shiva, and Indra will all be gratified by this boy’s service, He shall have no equal in prowess and he will be famous throughout the three worlds.”
Then when Madri approached Pandu to request that Kunti would teach her the mantra. Kunti assented to her husband’s request and told Madri, “I shall recite the mantra for your benefit. Please think of some deity from whom you desire offspring.” Madri thought carefully, Most probably Kunti would only allow her to use the mantra once. If she summoned the inseparable twin Ashvini gods, she would get two sons at once.
And as she thought of the two gods they appeared before her, aglow with celestial splendor, bashfully, she asked that they unite with her to conceive children and they immediately agreed. They begot upon Madri two boys of incomparable beauty who were named Nakula and Sahadeva. Upon their birth the divine voice said, “These virtuous and accomplished sons will transcend in energy and beauty even their celestial fathers.”
With five godly sons Pandu felt that the future success of his dynasty was assured. The rsis performed all the rites of passage for the boys and they grew up swiftly. After just one year they appeared as if they were five years old. Pandu was overwhelmed with happiness at seeing his sons’ extraordinary strength, beauty, energy, and wisdom. All the boys became favorites of the rsis, and they sported like five Gandharvas descended to earth.
Then following Pandu’s request, Kunti again chanted her mantra. Indra appeared immediately, his bodily luster lighting up the whole region. By the power of the thousand-eyed Indra, Kunti conceived, and in time a dark-complexioned child was born. For the third time the heavenly voice was heard, resounding over the mountainside: “O kunti, this child will be equal in strength to Indra and indeed Shiva himself.
He shall be called Arjuna and will spread your fame everywhere. He will subjugate many powerful kings and greatly increase the prosperity of your dynasty. Agni, Shiva, and Indra will all be gratified by this boy’s service, He shall have no equal in prowess and he will be famous throughout the three worlds.”
Then when Madri approached Pandu to request that Kunti would teach her the mantra. Kunti assented to her husband’s request and told Madri, “I shall recite the mantra for your benefit. Please think of some deity from whom you desire offspring.” Madri thought carefully, Most probably Kunti would only allow her to use the mantra once. If she summoned the inseparable twin Ashvini gods, she would get two sons at once.
And as she thought of the two gods they appeared before her, aglow with celestial splendor, bashfully, she asked that they unite with her to conceive children and they immediately agreed. They begot upon Madri two boys of incomparable beauty who were named Nakula and Sahadeva. Upon their birth the divine voice said, “These virtuous and accomplished sons will transcend in energy and beauty even their celestial fathers.”
With five godly sons Pandu felt that the future success of his dynasty was assured. The rsis performed all the rites of passage for the boys and they grew up swiftly. After just one year they appeared as if they were five years old. Pandu was overwhelmed with happiness at seeing his sons’ extraordinary strength, beauty, energy, and wisdom. All the boys became favorites of the rsis, and they sported like five Gandharvas descended to earth.
Pandu’s sons all became fearless bowmen who were capable, even in their early youth, of facing furious mountain lions. The rsis schooled them in every facet of Vedic knowledge. They were astonished to see the boys growing so rapidly, like lotuses blooming in a lake. Pandu and his wives offered prayers of thanks to Lord Vishnu for their great fortune, and they went on living in the Himalayan region, raising their children with affection.
— con Suja Arumugam.
Once Vyasadeva arrived hungry and thirsty at Dhritarastra’s palace and Gandhari, his devoted wife attended to him conscientiously. Vyasadeva was so pleased with the girl that he blessed her saying, “You shall soon have one hundred sons as powerful as your husband.”
In due course of time Gandhari conceived. For two years she bore the embryo within her womb, becoming increasingly anxious. Then one day news reached her that Kunti had given birth in the forest to a boy as effulgent as the morning sun. Out of frustration and anger at her own excessively long gestation, she violently struck her womb. She then brought forth a hard mass of flesh that resembled an iron ball. As her nurses informed her of the stillbirth, she was afflicted by grief and thought of Vyasadeva and his boon. At once the sage appeared before her and said, “What have you done?” Gandhari told him everything with tears in her eyes…
Vyasadeva replied that his words could never prove false. He asked the servants to bring one hundred one pots filled with ghee. He sprinkled cool water on the lump of flesh and it gradually divided into one hundred one parts, each the size of a thumb. These were placed in the pots which were sealed and placed in a concealed spot. Vyasadeva instructed that the pots should be opened only after two more years had passed. He then departed for his lonely mountain ashram.
Exactly after the two years had elapsed, the pots were opened one by one. From the first came a child who was named Duryodhana. At the moment he was brought out of the pot the sound of braying asses and screaming vultures was heard, jackals howled and the wind blew fiercely. Without any apparent cause, fires sprang up all around the city and raged in all directions.
The frightened King Dhritarastra summoned the Brahmins, as well as Bhisma, Vidura, and other ministers and counselors. And Vidura said to the king. “When these omens are seen at the birth of a child, it is evident that he will be the exterminator of his race. Our prosperity and future depend upon him being abandoned.”
Vidura then went onto explained further that, the scriptures clearly state that an individual can be abandoned for the sake of a family, a family can be abandoned for the sake of a village, a village for the sake of a city and the world itself can be abandoned for the sake of the soul…
--Mahabharata--
--Picture: Vyasadeva--
In due course of time Gandhari conceived. For two years she bore the embryo within her womb, becoming increasingly anxious. Then one day news reached her that Kunti had given birth in the forest to a boy as effulgent as the morning sun. Out of frustration and anger at her own excessively long gestation, she violently struck her womb. She then brought forth a hard mass of flesh that resembled an iron ball. As her nurses informed her of the stillbirth, she was afflicted by grief and thought of Vyasadeva and his boon. At once the sage appeared before her and said, “What have you done?” Gandhari told him everything with tears in her eyes…
Vyasadeva replied that his words could never prove false. He asked the servants to bring one hundred one pots filled with ghee. He sprinkled cool water on the lump of flesh and it gradually divided into one hundred one parts, each the size of a thumb. These were placed in the pots which were sealed and placed in a concealed spot. Vyasadeva instructed that the pots should be opened only after two more years had passed. He then departed for his lonely mountain ashram.
Exactly after the two years had elapsed, the pots were opened one by one. From the first came a child who was named Duryodhana. At the moment he was brought out of the pot the sound of braying asses and screaming vultures was heard, jackals howled and the wind blew fiercely. Without any apparent cause, fires sprang up all around the city and raged in all directions.
The frightened King Dhritarastra summoned the Brahmins, as well as Bhisma, Vidura, and other ministers and counselors. And Vidura said to the king. “When these omens are seen at the birth of a child, it is evident that he will be the exterminator of his race. Our prosperity and future depend upon him being abandoned.”
Vidura then went onto explained further that, the scriptures clearly state that an individual can be abandoned for the sake of a family, a family can be abandoned for the sake of a village, a village for the sake of a city and the world itself can be abandoned for the sake of the soul…
--Mahabharata--
--Picture: Vyasadeva--
One evening Pandu went into the woods with Madri to fetch roots and fruits for their evening meal. The celestial atmosphere awoke romance in Pandu’s heart. He gazed at the beautiful Madri, his mind influenced by Cupid.
Madri at once understood what was in Pandu’s heart. But How was he suddenly approaching her in this way? Although she herself had longed for his embrace, she had scrupulously, avoided any situation that might entice her husband.
Madri tried to push her husband away. Pandu smiled, incited further by her protest. Overpowered by desire, he could not even hear her as she reminded him of the curse. As if impelled by the lord of death himself, the monarch entirely abandoned reason under the influence of lust. Pandu’s chest was seized with a terrible pain and a shocked look crossed his face. His body stiffened and went slack.
As Pandu’s lifeless body fell from hers, Madri let out a wail of sorrow. Her worst fears had been realized…
Kunti hear Madri’s cries and ran to where she lay, then rushed to Pandu’s side. She dropped to the ground, realizing at once what had happened. Kunti cried out piteously, “My lord!” Tears welled in her eyes as she turned to Madri, “Noble lady, how have you allowed this to happen? I was always so careful to protect our lord from this very danger. He was always grace in our company as he thought of Kindama’s words. How did he become so careless?”
Gathering her senses, Madri replied, “Sister, with tears in my eyes I tried to resist him, yet he could not control himself. He seemed bent on fulfilling the risi’s curse.”
Kunti gently stroked the head of her younger co-wife and said, “There is only one recourse for me. Please allow me to ascend to heaven with our lord. Rise up and raise our children.”
Madri shook her head. She pleaded with Kunti, “The monarch died as he approached me, his desire was not satiated. Should it not be I who goes to the region of the dead to gratify him? O venerable queen, please let me go! Although heartbroken at the thought of leaving them, I shall leave my sons in your care without any fear.”
Kunti looked compassionately upon Madri as she lay with her arms around Pandu, bathing him with her tears. The noble Kunti’s heart was torn. Although as the elder wife it was her privilege to choose to follow the king to the next world, how could she deny Madri?
Although she longed to follow her husband, Kunti could not be so cruel to her co-wife. She touched Madri gently and said, “So be it.”
Madri at once understood what was in Pandu’s heart. But How was he suddenly approaching her in this way? Although she herself had longed for his embrace, she had scrupulously, avoided any situation that might entice her husband.
Madri tried to push her husband away. Pandu smiled, incited further by her protest. Overpowered by desire, he could not even hear her as she reminded him of the curse. As if impelled by the lord of death himself, the monarch entirely abandoned reason under the influence of lust. Pandu’s chest was seized with a terrible pain and a shocked look crossed his face. His body stiffened and went slack.
As Pandu’s lifeless body fell from hers, Madri let out a wail of sorrow. Her worst fears had been realized…
Kunti hear Madri’s cries and ran to where she lay, then rushed to Pandu’s side. She dropped to the ground, realizing at once what had happened. Kunti cried out piteously, “My lord!” Tears welled in her eyes as she turned to Madri, “Noble lady, how have you allowed this to happen? I was always so careful to protect our lord from this very danger. He was always grace in our company as he thought of Kindama’s words. How did he become so careless?”
Gathering her senses, Madri replied, “Sister, with tears in my eyes I tried to resist him, yet he could not control himself. He seemed bent on fulfilling the risi’s curse.”
Kunti gently stroked the head of her younger co-wife and said, “There is only one recourse for me. Please allow me to ascend to heaven with our lord. Rise up and raise our children.”
Madri shook her head. She pleaded with Kunti, “The monarch died as he approached me, his desire was not satiated. Should it not be I who goes to the region of the dead to gratify him? O venerable queen, please let me go! Although heartbroken at the thought of leaving them, I shall leave my sons in your care without any fear.”
Kunti looked compassionately upon Madri as she lay with her arms around Pandu, bathing him with her tears. The noble Kunti’s heart was torn. Although as the elder wife it was her privilege to choose to follow the king to the next world, how could she deny Madri?
Although she longed to follow her husband, Kunti could not be so cruel to her co-wife. She touched Madri gently and said, “So be it.”
Kunti prayed for strength. Somehow this was God’s arrangement. The ways of Providence were always mysterious…
The exuberant Bhima possessed the indefatigable power of his divine father. At wrestling and fighting he was unapproachable and could easily hold off the attacks of any number of Kauravas. Out of a boyish sense of fun he would often play practical jokes on them, laughing when they became angered and tried futilely to get back at him.
Duryodhana felt he could take no more and the nest morning Duryodhana suggested that all the princes go to the river for some water sports. Soon they mounted their shining chariots, which resembled cities and had great wheels that rumbled like thunderclouds as they headed out, sending up clouds of dust. Upon arriving on the river bank, the mighty youths dismounted from their cars, laughing and joking, and entered the large pleasure house Dhritarastra had built for them.
Once inside Duryodhana invited everyone to enjoy the great feast he had arranged for them. Duryodhana chose the seat next to Bhima. He ordered the servants to bring the food. The dishes were exquisite. Duryodhana had personally mixed the poison with the food he had brought to Bhima. He them offered him the plate, feigning love and feeding him with his own hand.
The guileless Bhima suspected nothing and he cheerfully consumed his normal amount. Duryodhana rejoiced within as Bhima hungrily swallowed the poisoned cakes, pies, creams, drinks, and other preparations.
Duryodhana felt he could take no more and the nest morning Duryodhana suggested that all the princes go to the river for some water sports. Soon they mounted their shining chariots, which resembled cities and had great wheels that rumbled like thunderclouds as they headed out, sending up clouds of dust. Upon arriving on the river bank, the mighty youths dismounted from their cars, laughing and joking, and entered the large pleasure house Dhritarastra had built for them.
Once inside Duryodhana invited everyone to enjoy the great feast he had arranged for them. Duryodhana chose the seat next to Bhima. He ordered the servants to bring the food. The dishes were exquisite. Duryodhana had personally mixed the poison with the food he had brought to Bhima. He them offered him the plate, feigning love and feeding him with his own hand.
The guileless Bhima suspected nothing and he cheerfully consumed his normal amount. Duryodhana rejoiced within as Bhima hungrily swallowed the poisoned cakes, pies, creams, drinks, and other preparations.
When the feast was over, Duryodhana suggested they all go down to the river for sport. The boys raced to the river in great joy. They wrestled and rolled about on the ground, tossing each other into the clear blue water of the river. As usual, Bhima was the most energetic. The poison did not appear to have affected him. The prince, who stood head and shoulders above his peers, was a matchless wrestler.
Bhima had consumed enough poison to kill a hundrd men, but it was not until evening that the wind-god’s son began to feel its effects. As night fell he felt so drowsy tha he decided to lay down by the river and rest. Gradually he lapsed into a deep sleep.
When the other princes had gone back to the mansion, Duryodhana saw his opportunity. He had thought that the poison had failed, but seeing Bhima finally falling unconscious, he rubbed his hands in glee. Along with Dushashana, he bound Bhima’s arms and legs with strong cords. Looking furtively around ,the brothers quickly rolled the comatose prince into the river.
Bhima sank to the bottom of the river and was carried by underwater currents. The celestial abode of the divine serpent beings, the Nagas, could be reached through the Ganges, and Bhima was swept along a mystical path right into their midst. At once the snakes began to bite the human who had suddenly arrived among them. Their virulent poison proved to be the antidote to the plant poison Duryodhana had administered. Bhima slowly came back to his senses as the effect of the poison wore off.
The Nagas went quickly to their king, Vasuki and he assumed a human form and Arka, a Naga chief that had long ago lived upon the earth and was Kunti’s great grandfather he immediately recognized Bhima as his great-grandson, and smiling he introduced himself and embraced the prince…
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